Object permanence is developing — if you partially cover a toy with a blanket, your baby will search for it. They'll look toward the floor when they drop something, understanding it still exists somewhere. Spatial relationships are clicking: they reach for close objects and look at (but don't reach for) far objects. Attention is more sustained — a new toy might hold interest for 5–10 minutes.
According to Zero to Three, babies at this age can distinguish between different emotional expressions. A smiling face gets a smile back; an upset face might produce worry. Stranger awareness is developing — subtle differences in how they respond to familiar versus unfamiliar people. Play is becoming more complex: peek-a-boo gets genuine reactions, and they might try to initiate games.
Babbling is getting consonant-rich. Research shows that by this age, babies are already tuning their babbling to match the phonetic patterns of the language they hear most. Vocal turn-taking is more sophisticated, and they express a wider range through sound — happy squeals, frustrated grunts, attention-seeking yells.